The finding that maternal vaccination was less effective at protecting infants during the Omicron dominant period is also consistent with previous studies which have reported decreased effectiveness of mRNA COVID-19 vaccines during Omicron among children and adults14,20. Pediatr. Google Scholar. Sign up for notifications from Insider! The prevalence of primary COVID-19 vaccination and of receipt of a booster dose were lower among Black adults compared with White adults. and/or the original MMWR paper copy for printable versions of official text, figures, and tables. Method: This case-control study aims to determine the hospitalization risk associated with the inactivated BBIBP-CorV (Sinopharm) and mRNA BNT162b2 (Pfizer . J. Med. All authors (O.Z., B.F., N.P.K., T.R., M.G., E.L., P.R., K.G., S.O., and E.L.) critically reviewed the manuscript and decided to proceed with publication. Furthermore, it was reassuring that both the cohort and the secondary TND yielded vaccine effectiveness estimates in the same direction. Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. During the Omicron-predominant period, hospitalization rates increased among unvaccinated persons and those who completed a primary series, with and without receipt of a booster or additional dose (Figure 2). In the US, as of the end of September 2022, almost 15 million children ages <18 years have tested positive for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the virus that causes Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Nature Communications (Nat Commun) Vaccine 31, 31043109 (2013). CDC Charts Show Hospitalization Rates for Unvaxxed, 2 Doses, 3 Doses The study was conducted among a cohort of infants born between December 15, 2020, and May 31, 2022. J. Classification of omicron (B.1.1.529): SARS-CoV-2 variant of concern. Pfizer and BioNTech Submit for U.S. Emergency Use Authorization of A continuity correction has been applied to the denominators by capping the percent population vaccination coverage at 95% by assuming that at least 5% of each age group would always be unvaccinated in each jurisdiction. 384, 403416 (2021). Weekly rates among unvaccinated adults and adults who received a primary COVID-19 vaccination series with a booster or additional dose peaked at 149.8 (January 8, 2022) and 11.7 (January 22, 2022), respectively. ** Total hospitalizations include data from selected counties in 14 COVID-NET states irrespective of vaccination status and includes adults with partial or unknown vaccination status. Sadoff, J. et al. Among fully vaccinated people without a booster, rates were lower at 3,355.5 per 100,000 for COVID-19 cases and 35.4 per 100,000 for hospitalizations. In conclusion, in this population-based cohort study, we found that infants born to mothers who received at least two doses of an mRNA COVID-19 vaccine during pregnancy were at lower risk of testing positive for SARS-CoV-2 and were at lower risk of hospitalization during the first 6 months of life compared with infants whose mothers were unvaccinated during pregnancy. 4% of cases) without NHS numbers were excluded from our primary analysis. The group raised concerns about a small number of Guillain-Barre syndrome cases in vaccine recipients and wanted more data, especially on efficacy in those at highest risk. KPNC has a comprehensive electronic health record system (Kaiser Permanente HealthConnect, a customized EPIC system), that captures detailed information on all medical services, including immunization, membership enrollment including place of residence, demographics, and pregnancy-related care from pregnancy onset to delivery, and beyond. In King County, Wash., which includes Seattle, unvaccinated people were 13 times more likely to be hospitalized for coronavirus since December than people who were fully vaccinated. Vaccination status is not available for Iowa and cases from Iowa are excluded from analyses that examined vaccination status. the date of publication. Among 829 adults hospitalized during the Omicron-predominant period, 49.4% were unvaccinated, compared with 69.5% during the Delta-predominant period (p<0.01). Omicron up to 70% less likely to need hospital care - BBC News Open 5, e2232760 (2022). Rep. 71, 2630 (2022). SARS-CoV-2 variant data update, England: Version 21. Views equals page views plus PDF downloads. On March 18, 2022, this report was posted online as an MMWR Early Release. Kim, L. et al. This is in keeping with the age profile. KPNC members are similar to the broad catchment population in Northern California in terms of sociodemographic characteristics34. Efficacy and safety of the mRNA-1273 SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. CDC twenty four seven. A previous study conducted before the Omicron-predominant period that showed increased risk for COVID-19associated hospitalization among certain racial and ethnic groups, including Black adults, and suggested the increased hospitalization rates were likely multifactorial and could include increased prevalence of underlying medical conditions, increased community-level exposure to and incidence of COVID-19, and poor access to health care in these groups (7). Omicron cases are exploding. Scientists still don't know how bad the No other potential conflicts of interest were disclosed. Rep. 71, 429436 (2022). Our primary cohort analysis used calendar days as the underlying scale to ensure that we compared infants of vaccinated and unvaccinated mothers on the same calendar days because vaccination status during pregnancy and risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection varied over the study period. In the TND, we estimated that during the Delta predominant period, maternal vaccination with at least doses reduced the infants risk of testing SARS-CoV-2 positive by 95% (95% CI:76, 99) during the first 2 months of life, 70% (95% CI: 52, 82) during the first 4 months of life, and 61% (95% CI: 42, 74) during the first 6 months of life (Supplemental Table2). Implementing strategies that result in the equitable receipt of COVID-19 vaccinations, though building vaccine confidence, raising awareness of the benefits of vaccination, and removing barriers to vaccination access among persons with disproportionately higher hospitalizations rates from COVID-19, including Black adults, is an urgent public health priority. This is a relevant consideration because vaccines can be less effective in persons with a weakened immune system. 387, 109119 (2022). Zerbo, O. et al. The average age of participants was 60.8 years, and 92.0% were White. During the study period, the omicron variant experienced a rapidly increasing incidence, whereas the delta variant was experiencing a decreasing or less rapidly increasing incidence. Image, Download Hi-res Adults with no documented receipt of any COVID-19 vaccine dose before the test date were considered unvaccinated. * Information on the impact that booster or additional doses of COVID-19 vaccines have on preventing hospitalizations during Omicron predominance is limited. National influenza and COVID-19 surveillance report: 27 January 2022 (week 4). We did not have genotyping data to confirm the variant that infected infants who tested positive and instead relied on state data regarding circulating strain predominance in the Northern California region. NMF, MC, GD, DDA, AMP, and ST supervised the work. B., Lewis. Mortal. The exposure of interest was mRNA COVID-19 vaccination status during pregnancy in the electronic health record. Maternal vaccination with at least two doses reduced the infants risk of testing SARS-CoV-2 positive initially by 84% which decreased to 56% by 6 months of life in the Delta dominant period. Comparative analysis of the risks of hospitalisation and death Still, even with a smaller percentage of people getting severely ill during the Omicron wave, a large number of cases over a short time can lead to a spike in people being hospitalized or admitted . Includes current treatment or recent diagnosis within the previous 12 months of an immunosuppressive condition or use of an immunosuppressive therapy. Pediatr. CDC graphs show in detail the protection vaccines gave from hospitalization. J. Med. New federal data shows adults who received the updated shots cut their risk of being hospitalized with . A recent study found that the mean titer of maternally derived antibodies in infants of vaccinated mothers were higher at age 2 months compared with antibody titers at age 6 months23. * Overall rates are unadjusted; rates presented by racial and ethnic group are age-adjusted. They, as well as vaccinated people who are immunocompromised and at higher risk of severe COVID-19, are still vulnerable to being infected by a vaccinated person. After the emergence of the Omicron variant, the rate of COVID-19 hospitalizations in the United States was 10.5 times higher in unvaccinated adults and 2.5 times higher in those who were vaccinated but received no booster than in booster recipients, according to a new study. Statistical codes are not publicly available but are available from the corresponding author. We used two different study designs: a primary design using a cohort analysis in which infants of vaccinated pregnant persons were compared with infants of unvaccinated pregnant persons. SARS-CoV-2 infection can lead to severe illnesses and hospitalizations in children and infants2,3,4,5. China informed the WHO about the case, which involves a 53-year-old woman, on Feb 24. The rate among adults who received a primary series, but no booster or additional dose, was three times the rate among adults who received a booster or additional dose. The study had limitations worth noting. However, linking is sometimes not possible because CDC does not receive personally identifiable information about vaccine doses. During the study period, home testing became more prevalent. If the SARS-CoV-2 test date was not available, hospital admission date was used. We ran separate models on the time periods associated with the Delta (7/01/2021 to 12/20/2021) and Omicron variants (12/21/2021 to 5/31/2022). Author's reply, Efficacy, safety, and immunogenicity of the DNA SARS-CoV-2 vaccine (ZyCoV-D): the interim efficacy results of a phase 3, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study in India, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, MRC Biostatistics Unit COVID-19 Working Group, Cases, hospital admissions, and hospital attendances in those with delta and omicron SARS-CoV-2 variants, between Nov 29, 2021, and Jan 9, 2022, Risk of hospitalisation and mortality for COVID-19 cases with omicron compared with delta, overall and by age group, Estimated HRs for vaccination categories, secondary analysis. Mortal. Hospitalizations of Children Aged 5-11 Years with Laboratory Messer, L. C. et al. Omicron vaccine effectiveness estimates for 7 to 59 days, 60 to 119 days, and 240 days or more after the second dose are not presented owing to imprecision in the estimates and wide 95% CIs (ie, 100 percentage points). Among all adults, relative to the Delta-predominant period, COVID-19related illness was the primary reason for admission for a smaller percentage of hospitalizations (87.5% versus 95.5%, p<0.01), and median length of stay was shorter (4 versus 5 days, p<0.01) during the Omicron-predominant period; during this period, the proportion of patients admitted to an intensive care unit, who received invasive mechanical ventilation, and who died in-hospital decreased significantly (all p<0.01). Access your favorite topics in a personalized feed while you're on the go. Most hospitalized children were unvaccinated, and nearly one in three were Black. COVID-19Associated Hospitalizations Among Adults During SARS-CoV-2 Delta and Omicron Variant Predominance, by Race/Ethnicity and Vaccination Status COVID-NET, 14 States, July 2021January 2022. Delahoy MJ, Whitaker M, OHalloran A, et al. Starting the week ending December 4, 2021, Maryland data are not included in weekly rate calculations but are included in previous weeks. Analyses were conducted using SAS statistical software survey procedures (version 9.4; SAS Institute). In January 2022, unvaccinated adults and those vaccinated with a primary series, but no booster or additional dose, were 12 and three times as likely to be hospitalized, respectively, as were adults who received booster or additional doses. Am. Urban Health 83, 10411062 (2006). Percentages presented for demographic characteristics are weighted column percentages. Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. Sect. South Africa omicron crisis: Cases, hospitalizations and - CNBC It is not inevitable that viral evolution leads to lower severity. Effect of COVID-19 Vaccination on the In-Hospital Prognosis of Patients ***** An additional 172 (3.4%, 95% CI=2.7%4.2%) adults were partially vaccinated, 69 (0.9%, 95% CI=0.61.2) received a primary vaccination series <14 days before a positive for SARS-CoV-2 test result, and 186 (4.1%) had unknown vaccination status; these groups are not further described in this analysis. Article We calculated VE as 100% multiplied by 1- OR. IMV status was missing in 1.4% (weighted) of hospitalizations; these hospitalizations are otherwise included elsewhere in the analysis. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the articles Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. Among nonpregnant and pregnant adults aged 18 years, hospitalization rates were calculated overall, and by race/ethnicity and COVID-19 vaccination status. Cite this article. https://doi.org . Lipkind, H. S. et al. https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.27.21262356v1 Ainslie, K. E. C., Shi, M., Haber, M. & Orenstein, W. A. image, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-022-04474-x, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-022-04479-6, https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.01.18.22269082, https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/national-flu-and-covid-19-surveillance-reports-2021-to-2022-season, Download .pdf (.95 Viruses | Free Full-Text | SARS-CoV-2 Seroprevalence among Canadian Methods: One hundred and . Additional COVID-NET methods for determining vaccination status have been described previously. Other studies found similarly decreased proportions of severe outcomes among hospitalized patients with COVID-19 during this period (6).. By submitting a comment you agree to abide by our Terms and Community Guidelines. Monthly COVID-19 hospitalization rates were 3.5 to 17.7 times higher in unvaccinated patients than in their vaccinated counterparts, regardless of whether they had received a booster. COVID-NET conducts population-based surveillance for laboratory-confirmed COVID-19associated hospitalizations in 99 counties across 14 states. COVID-19associated hospitalizations are those occurring among residents of a predefined surveillance catchment area who have a positive real-time reverse transcriptionpolymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) or rapid antigen detection test result for SARS-CoV-2 during hospitalization or the 14 days preceding admission. On 13 December, Denmark released data showing that hospitalization rates for people infected with Omicron seemed to be on a par with those for people infected with other variants. These persons are excluded from the proportions of race/ethnicity but are included in other analyses. J. Med. Accessed March 10, 2022. Data from the COVID-19Associated Hospitalization Surveillance Network (COVID-NET) were analyzed to compare COVID-19associated hospitalization rates among adults aged 18 years during B.1.617.2 (Delta; July 1December 18, 2021) and Omicron (December 19, 2021January 31, 2022) variant predominance, overall and by race/ethnicity and vaccination status. Children currently account for about 18.5% of reported COVID-19 cases in the United States1. Among these infants, for our main analysis, we excluded 21,891 (35.2%) based on maternal exclusion criteria and 10,412 (16.8%) after applying infant exclusion criteria (Fig. Baxter, R., Bartlett. Additional limitations include the inability to estimate the effectiveness of vaccines received prior to pregnancy onset. Hospitalization of Infants and Children Aged 0-4 Years with Lab J. During the Omicron-predominant period, overall weekly adult hospitalization rates peaked at 38.4 per 100,000, exceeding the previous peak on January 9, 2021 (26.1) and the peak rate during the Delta-predominant period (15.5) (Figure 1). All authors reviewed the manuscript. Ann Intern Med 2021;174:140919. SARS-CoV-2 infections can result in COVID-19associated hospitalizations, even among vaccinated persons. Two to 4 weeks after a booster dose, vaccine effectiveness ranged from around 65-75%, dropped to 55-70% at 5 to 9 weeks, and 40-50% from 10 weeks or more after a booster dose. Includes current treatment or recent diagnosis of an immunosuppressive condition or use of an immunosuppressive therapy during the preceding 12 months. "The high hospitalization rates in unvaccinated compared with vaccinated persons with and without a booster dose underscores the importance of COVID-19 vaccinations in preventing hospitalizations and suggests that increasing vaccination coverage, including booster dose coverage, can prevent hospitalizations, serious illness, and death," the researchers wrote. The vaccines have proved highly safe and effective at reducing the risk of severe illness, hospitalization and death. Vaccination status is based on state immunization information system data. Additional recommendations followed and data availability on booster-dose status varies by age because not all age groups were recommended by ACIP to receive booster doses at the same time. Iowa did not provide immunization data but is included in the overall population-based hospitalization rates. The study did not adjust for maternal SARS-CoV-2 infections during pregnancy due to the inability of capturing home testing results. Mortal. Most mothers (66.14%) were between ages 25 and <35 years, and more than a quarter (27.27%) were of Asian race, 5.16% were Black, 24.44% were of Hispanic ethnicity and 37.57% were White. NMF, MC, GD, DDA, AMP, and ST handled project administration. These findings are consistent with estimates of booster effectiveness against symptomatic Omicron infection using healthcare ascertainment. Two recent papers claim there are no differences between surgical masks and respirators for preventing the spread of respiratory diseases like COVID-19 and flu, but the articles are deeply flawed. Protection during both periods decreased as infants aged. Experts say they. We were not able to evaluate more detailed measures of relative clinical severity in hospitalised patients (such as intensive care unit admittance), but our finding that estimated severity reductions comparing omicron with delta are larger for more severe endpoints (death and hospital admission versus hospital attendance) agrees with observations that the proportion of hospitalised COVID-19 patients requiring intensive care or mechanical ventilation (or both) has been substantially lower during the omicron wave in England than the preceding delta wave.

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