Even on the basis of a hermeneutic approach it still makes sense to try to delimit the field of translation studies, the question is in which way? We therefore acknowledge our responsibility in the editorial interpretation of the source text The translation is thus a free translation, neither a word-for-word translation, nor a paraphrase.[11]. Furthermore, the need for translation within the same language is also indicative of the richness of perspectives, knowledge and cultures that exist within our linguistic traditions (however forgotten). . That the definition of certain concepts needs to be open is simply an inherent feature of such concepts; in other words it is not a flaw or deficiency that some concepts cannot be finitely described, neither theoretically nor pragmatically. Based on her intralingual translation Eileen Chang later translated this book into English which was unearthed among her papers at the University of Southern California, where she moved to from Shanghai since 1956. The implication is that translation is a component in all language transactions and Jakobson divides these transactions into three kinds of translation or ways of interpreting a verbal sign: intralingual translation or rewording is an interpretation of verbal signs by means of other signs of the same language; interlingual translation or translation proper is an interpretation of verbal signs by means of some other language; intersemiotic translation or transmutation is an interpretation of verbal signs by means of signs of nonverbal sign systems. seem to be much more radical than what is seen in the majority of interlingual translations. Register for a FutureLearn account to get personalised course recommendations and offers straight to your inbox. If we accept that translation can only be accounted for in a meaningful way if we treat it as a cluster concept, it does not make sense to attempt a too finite description. Learn more about how FutureLearn is transforming access to education. This sentence is originally from the first verse. (Michael Cunningham, "Found in Translation." ThoughtCo, Aug. 28, 2020, thoughtco.com/translation-language-1692560. Which is the main characteristics of Interlingual translation? Privacy Policy Throughout the article the discussion will rely on an open definition of translation which reflects the many-faceted nature of the activity. Holy Bible (1611/1986): Authorised King James version. The parameter of knowledge often involves interpretation (explicitation, explanation, addition) of information which may be objective (It can be very cold outside in the winter in Judaea []) or subjective (the political/feminist comments of the 1973 family Bible). Are the strategies applied in intralingual translation different from those applied in interlingual translation? The next sections present a closer look at each of the parameters. Intralingual translation has a strong tendency to involve a form of simplification where it becomes the main purpose of the translation, and because of this tendency the micro-strategies applied (additions, omissions, restructuring, etc.) According to Shuttleworth (1997: 88), Jakobson, by producing his three categories, simply suggested that translation belongs to a group of interlinked phenomena between which one can find family resemblances and Tymoczko (1998, 2005) argues for a broad perception of translation and suggests that we regard translation as a cluster concept which has to be defined non-finitely in line with Wittgensteins concept of family resemblance. However, it is not a mere linguistic transfer. Intralingual translation, according to Jakobsen's definition, can be understood as a rewording or paraphrasing, that is, expressing approximately the same meaning in "different forms of the same . Full article: What can intralingual translation do? - Taylor & Francis He does the best he can but is never satisfied. For a number of years I have carried out research within medical expert-to-layman communication (in addition to my work within translation proper) and as a translation scholar been intrigued by the many similarities between interlingual and intralingual translation. The first thing that springs to mind when comparing the family picture Bible from 1973 with the authorised version from 1948 is the high number of words in the family version, namely 236 compared to 92 words in the 1948 version. However, in intralingual translation two codes are also involved; not the codes of national languages, but of different genres or target groups. Intuitively even laymen would know what a translation is and would probably define it in a way which corresponds to the prototypical translation proper in Jakobsons terminology. It is a difference, but it is perhaps not as monumental as one might think. It cannot be entirely ruled out that intralingual translation in some instances may go from simple to more complex. It should be noted though that the general consensus today about the benefits of functional translations in many cases gives room for a much broader perception of what constitutes translation. A closer look reveals that the extended number of words comes from a large number of factual explanations and the addition of factual information to enhance childrens understanding of the text. The changes made centre around the level of background knowledge and ability of comprehension of the target group. This type of translation is often considered the hardest or most comprehensive, as the translator . Bringing together insights from translation studies, stylistics, multimodality and publishing practices, Pillire convincingly shows the need for translation studies to move beyond the linguistic text and to consider the book as the product of a collaborative enterprise. The changes made centre around the difference in time between the two versions and the aim is to make a traditional, close translation/version gently brought up to date to make it more accessible to contemporary readers. You can read FutureLearn's Cookie policy here. As a result, intralingual translation is provided for kids to have a better understanding of the source texts. Dr. Richard Nordquist is professor emeritus of rhetoric and English at Georgia Southern University and the author of several university-level grammar and composition textbooks. The Source Text Postulate, The Transfer Postulate and the Relationship Postulate (Toury 1995: 33-35). Ny Testamente p hverdagsdansk (1985/2002): (The New Testament in everyday Danish.) (see Shuttleworth 1997: 87-88 and Gambier 1992 for more examples as one of the few, Gambier actually writes about intralingual translation, but though interesting, the article is not based on empirical work and does not compare with interlingual translation). The witness is intimidated by the formality of the court setting, and assumes that the unfamiliar word, 'fracas', is a polite euphemism. Interlingual machine translation - Wikipedia (PDF) INTRALINGUAL TRANSLATION AS A MEANS OF INTERGENERATIONAL COMMUNICATION: A LINGUISTIC APPROACH INTRALINGUAL TRANSLATION AS A MEANS OF INTERGENERATIONAL COMMUNICATION: A LINGUISTIC. Meaning of intralingual. seem to be much more radical than what is seen in the majority of interlingual translations where A British book, then, can be foreign for American readers. . I think it is possible to describe translation (and not finitely define it) by means of Jakobsons three dimensions in combination with Tourys more specific description of a source text and a transfer. no longer tolerate incomprehensible expert texts. We can all, Im sure, think of multiple terms to describe human excrement and if they dont come to mind, do ask your nearest 5-6 year olds and youll have a full list in no time but in his exploration of the language of landscape, nature writer Robert MacFarlane unearthed a surprising number of forgotten English terms for animal dung. The aim of this version is to get even very young children to understand and take an interest in the main message of the text. To get a feel for it, look at the following dialogue: Policeman: There. (A picture Bible for very small children.) An example of Hindi-Urdu scriptural translation is shown in Figure 1. A transfer has taken place and the target text has been derived from the source text (resulting in a new product in another language, genre or medium), i.e. In the latter case, the aim of the intralingual translation is no longer merely comprehension of the factual content of the text there is also an element of expressivity/persuasion. In his Dictionary of Translation Studies, Shuttleworth (1997: 82) writes that interlingual translation is the only kind of translation which corresponds to what is normally understood by the word translation. Build your knowledge with top universities and organisations. De skulle snart giftes. Panel 3. Intralingual translation - breaking boundaries What is Intersemiotic Translation? What is interlingual translation with example? Man kan ikke blindt oversaette kildesprog til modtagersprog uden at forstyrre den oprindelige mening. However, nothing in the description should be considered necessary or sufficient to define translation. It is largely used in film, theatre and the visual arts but also in image design and advertising. The numbers refer to the verse numbers. As we have seen above, Jakobsons definition of intralingual translation partly lies in its other name, rewording, and partly in the more explicit explanation offered by Jakobson: an interpretation of verbal signs by means of other signs of the same language. Even though translation scholars mention and acknowledge Jakobsons other kinds of translation these are often classified as peripheral or de facto considered of no real relevance to the discipline of translation studies. Jakobson argued for a broad, inclusive definition of translation as a phenomenon fundamental to all language transactions. Examples Intralingual translation occurs when we produce a summary or otherwise rewrite a text in same language, say a children's version of an encyclopedia. Gutt (1991/2000: 394-396) mentions the fact that not all translation scholars would feel comfortable with a broader definition which would allow summaries and elaborated versions, per example, to qualify as translation. People also read lists articles that other readers of this article have read. This parameter centres around the ability of comprehension of the target group, i.e., the target groups general ability to understand a text, its level of general background knowledge or its level of expertise (or lack of) in connection with a specific subject. Archive 2007-07-01. (Pdf) Intralingual Translation As a Means of Intergenerational its original text can be classic Chinese and its translated text can be modern English, in-between is intralingual translation in modern Chinese. Did you know that with a free Taylor & Francis Online account you can gain access to the following benefits? The intralingual translation that will be studied is a specific example: the rewriting of British novels for the North American market. In the preface to the Routledge Encyclopedia of Translation Studies, Baker also, argues that we have been narrow and restrictive in defining our object of study and expresses concern about the lack of research outside the field of translation proper: [] intralingual translation is not such a minor issue as the existing literature on translation might suggestI know of no research that looks specifically at the phenomena of intralingual or intersemiotic translation. intralingual translation - English definition, grammar, pronunciation The first scholarly gathering of its kind, it gained the attention of translation scholars across nations. Intralingual and intersemiotic translation - FutureLearn Once Jakobsons seminal text with its very broad philosophical and hermeneutic definition of translation has served its purpose of defining translation, authors quickly move on to the field of translation proper, or to the restricted area of translation proper which has their particular interest. Early in this small childrens version we are also told that Joseph and Maria tried to find somewhere to stay, but that there was not room in any of the houses (Josef og Maria forsgte at finde et sted, hvor de kunne vaere, men der var ikke plads i et eneste af husene), though the 1948 version does not give this information until the last sentence where we are told that Maria laid her son in a manger because there was no room for them in the inn.. Retrieved from https://www.thoughtco.com/translation-language-1692560. As argued above, these activities share family resemblances with translation proper, but is it possible to get closer to a more detailed account of their general characteristics? See also Weissbrod (2004: 27) on translation/transfer over time. (Paul Goodman, Five Years: Thoughts During a Useless Time, 1969), "A translated text, whether prose or poetry, fiction or nonfiction, is judged acceptable by most publishers, reviewers, and readers when it reads fluently, when the absence of any linguistic or stylistic peculiarities makes it seem transparent, giving the appearance that it reflects the foreign writer's personality or intention or the essential meaning of the foreign text--the appearance, in other words, that the translation is not, in fact, a translation, but the 'original.' Halliday and the context of situation: Halliday sees language as a social semiotic, that is a vital part of social life and enables people to exchange meaning and function in the society. This is how the text starts, but the information about Joseph and Maria being engaged is traditionally not given until later in the text. Within polysystem theory and the realms of literary translation (Even-Zohar 1990) we do find some work on intralingual or intersemiotic translation (Weissbrod 1998, 2004; Shavit 1986). Even-Zohar (in Weissbrod 2004: 24) argues that there is no benefit in dealing with one phenomenon (translation) as if it were detached from other phenomena when it is not. And Gambier (1992: 308) takes a similar view: Enfin, il oblige reposer la ncessit prtendue dune thorie de la traduction, autonome, spare de la thorisation des autres processus interactionnels (intralinguistiques).. ), these examples demonstrate how language does not just explain but helps generate meanings and bring new energy to familiar entities. It is interesting to see how many of the microstrategies applied in the intralingual Bible translations resemble those commonly used when carrying out interlingual translation. In some examples, the translation is not idiomatic, but direct, in order to illustrate what has taken place. the text to be translated is transformed into an interlingua, i.e., an abstract language-independent representation. This article argues for the proper inclusion of intralingual translation on the grounds of its many similarities with interlingual translation. Within the business world, another example of intercultural intralingual translation would be the phenomenon of localisation. An alternative definition starting from Tourys three postulates was suggested, but inspired by Tymoczko[3] (1998, 2005) relying on Wittgensteins theory of family resemblances (1953/1958) and Roschs protypology (1973). Tourys definition is likely to exclude many intralingual (or intersemiotic) translations, not because of his three postulates, which themselves rely on open concepts, namely source text, transfer and intertextual relationship, but because of two necessary conditions; to constitute a translation a transfer process must have taken place between two languages/cultures and most importantly the resulting product must be assumed to be a translation by people in general. Examples An example of Interlingual Translation would be the Bible. . That is, strategies applied within interlingual translation today in accordance with the skopos of the translation brief (e.g., a certain amount of restructuring or reduction) may 20 years ago have been considered unacceptable and beyond the tools available to translation proper. [] to be taxed in the city from which their people originally came. . For explanatory purposes, Jakobsons definition sets the two kinds of translation apart (though both are defined as examples of a translational activity). These factors are: These four factors are not listed according to importance, as that depends on the kind of intralingual translation. P-nr: 1013139411, EAN-nr: 5798000418363 13 In it, and more specifically, in the part of the book devoted to the theory and methodology of translation, Kakridis discussed intralingual translation and its attendant problems . What is transliteration example? Parents and primary teachers ask pupils to learn and recite the texts, which are difficult even for adults. Case study results and discussion of results, http://www.seikilos.com.ar/TranslationDialogue.pdf. If we regard translation as a cluster concept, i.e., as an open concept, our requirements for category membership do not take the form of necessary conditions, but family resemblances; sometimes overall similarities, sometimes similarities of detail which overlap and criss-cross (Wittgenstein 1953/1958: section 66-67) in the same way as resemblances between members of a family. The analyses suggest that intralingual translation is generally motivated by one or more of the key parameters; knowledge, time, culture, and space. Nordquist, Richard. We use cookies to improve your website experience. Newmarks definition (1999) is very narrow indeed; it includes only translation proper and strongly relies on the much criticised concept of equivalence (Snell-Hornby 1988; Zethsen 2004). Taking China as an example, the intralingual translation was used for the construction of modern vernacular. My initial research into the nature of intralingual translation (see Zethsen 2008) made me aware of the fact that since the time of Jakobsons definition, general definitions of translation have become less inclusive. "Translation: Definition and Examples." PDF Intralingual Translation: An Attempt at Description - rudit lingual translation. This suggests that generally the difference in strategies between intralingual and interlingual translation is a question of degree and motivation rather than kind. are all part of modern life, of reality. I have chosen to analyse and compare four different Danish versions of five verses from Luke chapter 2 with the Danish authorised 1948 version and this is how they read in the King James version (a 1986 edition[6]): And all went to be taxed, every one into his own city. A total of 26 experimental studies conducted between 2010 and 2022 were . The third function of intralingual translation, proposed by Xuanmin Luo at the Bogacizi conference in 2014, is the function of shaping a nations modernity, which is a structural concept dealing with the transformation of whole societies, ideologies, social structure and culture. What they offer is a description of the fundamental activity of translation, but a description which relies on open concepts and which is therefore able and willing to include a whole range of examples, from the prototypical to the peripheral, depending on the distance in question from the prototypical definition of the concepts involved. Many of the strategies used to create the different Bible versions are common within translation proper as well this applies to strategies such as omission, objective addition, explicitation, restructuring and paraphrase. When you visit the site, Dotdash Meredith and its partners may store or retrieve information on your browser, mostly in the form of cookies. In the childrens versions, we see reduction as well as extension, but especially the latter. Though this observation is rarely mentioned or discussed within translation studies, it is not surprising considering the fact that many of the strategies aim at ensuring maximum comprehension and in most cases, comprehension is a central aim in both kinds of translation. Similarities as well as differences between rewording and translation proper are discussed, the conclusion being that the differences between intralingual and interlingual translation seem to be more a question of degree than of kind. Intralingual translation or rewriting, according to Roman Jakobson, is an interpretation of verbal signs by means of other signs of the same languages. CVR-nr: 31119103 He finishes it, with misgivings. It also seems that the strategy of simplification is driven by one of the four parameters knowledge (e.g., layman words and expressions and simple active syntax substituted for expert terms and complex syntax, whereas syntactical changes in interlingual translation are often called for on the basis of structural differences between two languages), time (e.g., contemporary words and expressions and syntax substituted for obsolete words, expressions and syntax), culture (e.g., American words, expressions and syntax substituted for British words, expressions and syntax) or space (e.g., superfluous text omitted or explanatory text added) and that it takes many forms. The length is almost the same, namely 88 words. The first is its referential function. Viborg: Scandinavia. Practically all information has been transferred, but the order of the information has been changed in quite a few instances and pictures have been added. In one instance, the newer version replaces a modern-sounding expression Gik hen (went up to) with an older one, namely Drog hen, but probably because Drog hen is the more semantically correct expression. Examples. It occurs when some ideas expressed verbally are translated into images and/or movement. The 1992 version is allegedly a new translation from Greek, but as mentioned above the translators do of course consult other modern language versions and in this case have leaned heavily on the 1948 version. Intersemiotic Translation as Resemiotisation: A Multimodal Perspective Almost all of the text has been paraphrased and as could be expected lexis and syntax have been simplified in the process. seen in intralingual translation are more extreme than is generally the case in translation proper. The target group for this text is children from 3 to 5 years old. On the face of it, the main difference between the two kinds of translation is the involvement in interlingual translation of two different national languages. The reader is the least tortured of this trio, but the reader too may very well feel that he is missing something in the book, that through sheer ineptitude he is failing to be a proper vessel for the books overarching vision." If we know more about differences as well as similarities, the insights provided by both fields would be more useful. These three kinds of translation are to be differently labeled: 1) Intralingual translation or rewording is an interpretation of verbal signs by means of other signs of the same language, 2) . Interlingual translation, or translation proper, is seen naturally enough also by translation scholars as the classic, prototypical kind of translation and many scholars even want to limit research to very restricted definitions of translation proper (Tymoczko 2005: 1096, footnote 3). I would like to think that intralingual skills are included in the term intercultural communication, if we do not limit our definition of intercultural to mainly a question of national culture (see Zethsen 2010 forthcoming). 3099067 intralingual - English definition, grammar, pronunciation, synonyms and EndNote (version X9.1 and above), Zotero, BIB (*date) I will *keep money for a house. titre de comparaison, il est propos une description gnrale de la traduction interlinguale et de ses caractristiques sur la base de cinq versions danoises diffrentes dune mme section de la Bible et dune analyse des micro-stratgies loeuvre dans chacune de ces versions. FutureLearn uses cookies to enhance your experience of the website. Typical intralingual translations instigated by the parameter of knowledge (explanatory translations) are typically of the expert-to-layman kind (patient package inserts containing information on medicine, tax leaflets based on new legislation, manuals for durable consumer goods) or childrens versions (easy-readers) of classical texts. The empirical work of this article is considered as a first attempt of a concrete, general description of the characteristics of and the microstrategies involved in intralingual translation. The translation may be purely intralingual and solely rely on a former version in the same language or the source text may consist of both a former version and the original text (as is the case with the 1948 and 1992 authorised versions, for instance), thus involving intralingual as well as interlingual translation[12]. Strategie di traduzione - TRANSLATION STRATEGIES Equation and It should be emphasized that it is an attempt, at a more detailed general description as there is not much theory or any empirical studies to lean on. According to Weissbrod (2004: 24), reflecting the views of Even-Zohar, researchers should deal with all these examples of transfer within one theoretical framework as the mechanism of transfer is largely the same in all instances. The purpose of my study is to gain knowledge about the strategies that are used in text production by professional text producers, on the one hand, and students on the other. Zethsen (2007) argues that interlingual translation has been the object of many research studies attempting to define, exemplify and systematize this type of translation, whereas intralingual translation has not drawn the same amount of academic attention. The entire text is one long paraphrase, not a single phrase is identical to the 1948 version. Intralingual Translation: An Attempt at Description - ResearchGate However, none of Tourys three postulates constitute a problem to either intralingual or intersemiotic translation. In my view, translators are excellently equipped to carry out this kind of intralingual translation because of the many similarities with interlingual translation. Translation: Definition and Examples. The target group is adults who prefer a traditional, formal version. Alternatively, it may take the form of considerable addition to the text with the aim of explaining or making explicit difficult or implicit information. The four intralingual translations into Danish are the following in chronological order: A family picture Bible from 1973[7] (236 words), A picture Bible for very small children from 1991[8] (158 words), The Danish authorised version from 1992 (88 words), The New Testament in everyday Danish from 1985/2002[9] (89 words). The word "translation" can be defined as: An individual or a computer program that renders a text into another language is called a translator. When planning this case study, a number of different examples of intralingual translation were considered. We believe learning should be an enjoyable, social experience, so our courses offer the opportunity to discuss what youre learning with others as you go, helping you make fresh discoveries and form new ideas. Place: 1411, However, despite Jakobsons classical definition, intralingual translation or rewording is extremely peripheral to translation studies, more so than it deserves, and the relationship between interlingual and intralingual translation is a neglected area of research, as is a thorough description of intralingual translation; it is next to impossible to find any relevant literature.

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